LipidShield™ – Clinical Trials Completed!
LipidShield Study
June 28, 2006
Performed by
The Ohio Research Group
323 High Street, STE 103
Wadsworth, OH 44281
tel: 330-335-2378
Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Ph.D., Ronald W. Mendel, Ph.D., and Jennifer E. Hofheins, M.S., R.D. Cholesterol-lowering effects of LipidShield™. Ohio Research Group. Wadsworth, Ohio 44281, USA. tim@ohioresearchgroup.com
Objective:
The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the effect of supplementation with a proprietary cholesterol-lowering formula (LipidShield™) on changes in lipid profiles.
Methods:
After giving informed consent and being cleared for participation by passing a screening physical, 30 men and women (mean ± SD age, weight, total cholesterol: 39.6 ± 5.8 y, 84.49 ± 16.2 kg, 226 ± 31 mg/dl) were matched according to gender and then randomly assigned to receive either (LipidShield™, LS) or a placebo (P). Following baseline testing, all groups underwent eight weeks of daily supplementation per recommendation by the manufacturer. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and after 4-weeks (day 28) and 8-weeks (day 56) of supplementation. Subjects were required to maintain their normal dietary and exercise patterns during the study. Data were analyzed via two-way, repeated measures ANOVA and (where necessary) Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests. Statistical significance was accepted at p=0.05.
Results:
Total cholesterol decreased in LS from pre to mid (-8.8%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 215.2 ± 35.0 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.0009) and pre to post (-17.3%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 199.6 ± 34.9 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0001), whereas cholesterol increased from pre to post in P (+6.9%; 218.4 ± 26.4 [baseline] to 234.6 ± 26.8 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.004). LDL-cholesterol decreased from pre to mid (-13.5%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 126.1 ± 28.6 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.001) and pre to post (-16.9%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 121.1 ± 31.1 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0002) in LS, whereas no changes were noted in P. VLDL-cholesterol tended to decrease in LS from pre to post (-23.6%; 33.9 ± 14.5 [baseline] to 25.9 ± 12.6 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.065). Triacylglycerol (TAG) decreased in LS from pre to post testing (-46.9%; 169.5 ± 72.1 [baseline] to 115.3 ± 42.4 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.009), whereas no changes were noted in P. No changes in HDL-cholesterol, glucose, BUN, creatinine, BUN:creatinine ratio, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase were noted in either group.
Conclusions:
Within the framework of the current experimental design, these preliminary data indicate that eight weeks of LipidShield™ ingestion significantly decreases and improves several aspects of blood lipids (e.g., total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) in otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic subjects. Based on the lack of changes in standard clinical markers of hepato-renal function, the safety profile of LipidShield™ appears to be acceptable, at least during eight weeks of continuous use. Future research is warranted to confirm and refine these results in a larger sample size, as well as determine the mechanisms responsible for the noted improvements.
None of the authors have any conflict of interest.
|
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
|
Age |
15 | 40.4000 | 31.0000 | 49.0000 | 25.686 | 5.06811 | 1.30858 |
|
Ht |
15 | 66.1333 | 59.0000 | 76.0000 | 19.588 | 4.42584 | 1.14275 |
|
Wt (pre) |
15 | 83.4600 | 56.8000 | 101.1000 | 164.145 | 12.81193 | 3.30802 |
|
Wt (mid) |
15 | 83.5867 | 57.1000 | 103.1000 | 174.040 | 13.19241 | 3.40627 |
|
Wt (post) |
15 | 83.5000 | 56.9000 | 102.8000 | 179.414 | 13.39456 | 3.45846 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
15 | 127.8000 | 102.0000 | 155.0000 | 225.314 | 15.01047 | 3.87569 |
|
Systolic (mid) |
15 | 127.3333 | 102.0000 | 154.0000 | 203.524 | 14.26618 | 3.68351 |
|
Systolic (post) |
15 | 129.4667 | 102.0000 | 159.0000 | 277.124 | 16.64704 | 4.29825 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
15 | 81.2000 | 60.0000 | 94.0000 | 119.029 | 10.91002 | 2.81696 |
|
Diastolic (mid) |
15 | 82.6000 | 65.0000 | 94.0000 | 86.971 | 9.32585 | 2.40792 |
|
Diastolic (post) |
15 | 80.4000 | 61.0000 | 96.0000 | 112.543 | 10.60862 | 2.73913 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
15 | 218.4000 | 195.0000 | 301.0000 | 698.400 | 26.42726 | 6.82349 |
|
Total Chol (mid) |
15 | 220.9333 | 181.0000 | 296.0000 | 886.924 | 29.78127 | 7.68949 |
|
Total Chol (post) |
15 | 234.6000 | 192.0000 | 296.0000 | 716.686 | 26.77099 | 6.91224 |
|
TAG (pre) |
15 | 127.0667 | 52.0000 | 234.0000 | 2878.067 | 53.64762 | 13.85175 |
|
TAG (mid) |
15 | 120.6000 | 57.0000 | 205.0000 | 2152.686 | 46.39704 | 11.97967 |
|
TAG (post) |
15 | 147.9333 | 67.0000 | 332.0000 | 6068.352 | 77.89963 | 20.11360 |
|
HDL (pre) |
15 | 53.0667 | 41.0000 | 77.0000 | 85.067 | 9.22316 | 2.38141 |
|
HDL (mid) |
15 | 56.3333 | 35.0000 | 105.0000 | 241.095 | 15.52724 | 4.00912 |
|
HDL (post) |
15 | 56.4667 | 35.0000 | 105.0000 | 248.410 | 15.76101 | 4.06948 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
15 | 25.3333 | 10.0000 | 47.0000 | 118.238 | 10.87373 | 2.80759 |
|
VLDL (mid) |
15 | 24.0000 | 11.0000 | 41.0000 | 85.143 | 9.22729 | 2.38248 |
|
VLDL (post) |
15 | 27.8667 | 13.0000 | 66.0000 | 238.410 | 15.44052 | 3.98672 |
|
LDL (pre) |
15 | 131.2000 | 36.0000 | 194.0000 | 1012.029 | 31.81240 | 8.21393 |
|
LDL (mid) |
15 | 131.6667 | 37.0000 | 199.0000 | 1054.952 | 32.48003 | 8.38631 |
|
LDL (post) |
15 | 141.2000 | 37.0000 | 199.0000 | 1444.600 | 38.00789 | 9.81360 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
15 | 92.7333 | 83.0000 | 108.0000 | 42.924 | 6.55163 | 1.69162 |
|
Glucose (mid) |
15 | 92.1333 | 80.0000 | 105.0000 | 60.267 | 7.76316 | 2.00444 |
|
Glucose (post) |
15 | 92.4667 | 78.0000 | 116.0000 | 105.552 | 10.27387 | 2.65270 |
|
BUN (pre) |
15 | 14.1333 | 9.0000 | 22.0000 | 21.838 | 4.67312 | 1.20660 |
|
BUN (mid) |
15 | 15.0667 | 9.0000 | 25.0000 | 22.067 | 4.69752 | 1.21289 |
|
BUN (post) |
15 | 16.2000 | 10.0000 | 30.0000 | 33.314 | 5.77185 | 1.49029 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
15 | 0.9733 | 0.7000 | 1.6000 | 0.068 | 0.26040 | 0.06724 |
|
Creatinine (mid) |
15 | 0.9467 | 0.7000 | 1.5000 | 0.057 | 0.23865 | 0.06162 |
|
Creatinine (post) |
15 | 0.9467 | 0.7000 | 1.4000 | 0.038 | 0.19591 | 0.05058 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 | 14.5333 | 11.0000 | 20.0000 | 6.267 | 2.50333 | 0.64636 |
|
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 | 16.3333 | 12.0000 | 23.0000 | 13.381 | 3.65800 | 0.94449 |
|
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 | 17.0000 | 12.0000 | 23.0000 | 11.571 | 3.40168 | 0.87831 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 | 0.4467 | 0.2000 | 0.8000 | 0.028 | 0.16847 | 0.04350 |
|
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 | 0.4533 | 0.2000 | 0.9000 | 0.041 | 0.20307 | 0.05243 |
|
Bilirubin (post) |
15 | 0.5600 | 0.2000 | 0.8000 | 0.041 | 0.20284 | 0.05237 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 | 69.0667 | 44.0000 | 88.0000 | 183.638 | 13.55131 | 3.49893 |
|
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 | 70.0000 | 50.0000 | 92.0000 | 181.714 | 13.48014 | 3.48056 |
|
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 | 68.0000 | 44.0000 | 89.0000 | 182.429 | 13.50661 | 3.48739 |
|
AST (Pre) |
15 | 26.8667 | 12.0000 | 50.0000 | 117.267 | 10.82897 | 2.79603 |
|
AST (mid) |
15 | 27.2667 | 13.0000 | 54.0000 | 116.638 | 10.79991 | 2.78853 |
|
AST (Post) |
15 | 25.0667 | 16.0000 | 37.0000 | 35.352 | 5.94579 | 1.53520 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
15 | 24.4667 | 11.0000 | 38.0000 | 83.552 | 9.14070 | 2.36012 |
|
ALT (mid) |
15 | 24.3333 | 13.0000 | 40.0000 | 100.381 | 10.01903 | 2.58690 |
|
ALT (Post) |
15 | 23.1333 | 10.0000 | 42.0000 | 77.124 | 8.78202 | 2.26751 |
|
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
|
Age |
15 | 38.8667 | 29.0000 | 48.0000 | 43.838 | 6.62103 | 1.70954 |
|
Ht |
15 | 66.7000 | 62.0000 | 74.0000 | 13.850 | 3.72156 | 0.96090 |
|
Wt (pre) |
15 | 85.5200 | 59.7000 | 136.4000 | 374.653 | 19.35596 | 4.99769 |
|
Wt (mid) |
15 | 85.3267 | 59.9000 | 137.0000 | 378.806 | 19.46295 | 5.02531 |
|
Wt (post) |
15 | 85.0933 | 60.3000 | 137.1000 | 381.144 | 19.52290 | 5.04079 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
15 | 134.2000 | 110.0000 | 159.0000 | 173.171 | 13.15946 | 3.39776 |
|
Systolic (mid) |
15 | 130.8000 | 104.0000 | 151.0000 | 158.029 | 12.57094 | 3.24580 |
|
Systolic (post) |
15 | 129.8000 | 103.0000 | 156.0000 | 199.314 | 14.11787 | 3.64522 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
15 | 82.2667 | 72.0000 | 93.0000 | 47.638 | 6.90204 | 1.78210 |
|
Diastolic (mid) |
15 | 80.8000 | 70.0000 | 93.0000 | 52.886 | 7.27226 | 1.87769 |
|
Diastolic (post) |
15 | 79.0667 | 68.0000 | 89.0000 | 46.638 | 6.82921 | 1.76329 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
15 | 234.0667 | 198.0000 | 296.0000 | 1160.638 | 34.06814 | 8.79636 |
|
Total Chol (mid) |
15 | 215.2000 | 174.0000 | 308.0000 | 1225.600 | 35.00857 | 9.03917 |
|
Total Chol (post) |
15 | 199.6000 | 156.0000 | 289.0000 | 1222.400 | 34.96284 | 9.02737 |
|
TAG (pre) |
15 | 169.4667 | 62.0000 | 308.0000 | 5192.838 | 72.06135 | 18.60616 |
|
TAG (mid) |
15 | 157.0000 | 68.0000 | 326.0000 | 5830.286 | 76.35631 | 19.71511 |
|
TAG (post) |
15 | 115.2667 | 73.0000 | 212.0000 | 1795.352 | 42.37160 | 10.94030 |
|
HDL (pre) |
15 | 54.4000 | 35.0000 | 76.0000 | 200.686 | 14.16636 | 3.65774 |
|
HDL (mid) |
15 | 54.8000 | 37.0000 | 77.0000 | 173.743 | 13.18116 | 3.40336 |
|
HDL (post) |
15 | 52.6000 | 26.0000 | 77.0000 | 193.543 | 13.91197 | 3.59205 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
15 | 33.9333 | 12.0000 | 62.0000 | 210.924 | 14.52322 | 3.74988 |
|
VLDL (mid) |
15 | 34.2667 | 14.0000 | 74.0000 | 349.067 | 18.68333 | 4.82401 |
|
VLDL (post) |
15 | 25.9333 | 15.0000 | 58.0000 | 159.210 | 12.61783 | 3.25791 |
|
LDL (pre) |
15 | 145.7333 | 101.0000 | 198.0000 | 860.495 | 29.33420 | 7.57406 |
|
LDL (mid) |
15 | 126.1333 | 100.0000 | 207.0000 | 819.695 | 28.63032 | 7.39232 |
|
LDL (post) |
15 | 121.0667 | 89.0000 | 198.0000 | 967.067 | 31.09770 | 8.02939 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
15 | 92.6667 | 78.0000 | 111.0000 | 104.381 | 10.21670 | 2.63794 |
|
Glucose (mid) |
15 | 91.0000 | 81.0000 | 101.0000 | 44.000 | 6.63325 | 1.71270 |
|
Glucose (post) |
15 | 90.4000 | 74.0000 | 117.0000 | 85.543 | 9.24894 | 2.38807 |
|
BUN (pre) |
15 | 13.4000 | 6.0000 | 27.0000 | 24.829 | 4.98283 | 1.28656 |
|
BUN (mid) |
15 | 14.4667 | 9.0000 | 25.0000 | 23.838 | 4.88243 | 1.26064 |
|
BUN (post) |
15 | 13.6000 | 8.0000 | 23.0000 | 16.971 | 4.11964 | 1.06369 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
15 | 1.0000 | 0.6000 | 2.6000 | 0.211 | 0.45981 | 0.11872 |
|
Creatinine (mid) |
15 | 0.9067 | 0.7000 | 1.2000 | 0.021 | 0.14376 | 0.03712 |
|
Creatinine (post) |
15 | 0.9200 | 0.7000 | 1.3000 | 0.027 | 0.16562 | 0.04276 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 | 14.6667 | 6.0000 | 30.0000 | 40.524 | 6.36583 | 1.64365 |
|
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 | 15.8667 | 9.0000 | 25.0000 | 20.981 | 4.58050 | 1.18268 |
|
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 | 14.8000 | 10.0000 | 25.0000 | 17.029 | 4.12657 | 1.06548 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 | 0.4533 | 0.3000 | 0.8000 | 0.037 | 0.19223 | 0.04963 |
|
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 | 0.4467 | 0.2000 | 0.8000 | 0.030 | 0.17265 | 0.04458 |
|
Bilirubin (post) |
15 | 0.4133 | 0.2000 | 0.8000 | 0.040 | 0.19952 | 0.05152 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 | 71.6000 | 42.0000 | 93.0000 | 202.257 | 14.22171 | 3.67203 |
|
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 | 70.0667 | 42.0000 | 96.0000 | 278.210 | 16.67961 | 4.30666 |
|
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 | 69.8667 | 45.0000 | 96.0000 | 189.981 | 13.78336 | 3.55885 |
|
AST (Pre) |
15 | 23.4000 | 16.0000 | 42.0000 | 52.971 | 7.27815 | 1.87921 |
|
AST (mid) |
15 | 22.6000 | 13.0000 | 34.0000 | 24.114 | 4.91063 | 1.26792 |
|
AST (Post) |
15 | 21.3333 | 9.0000 | 33.0000 | 37.952 | 6.16055 | 1.59065 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
15 | 25.2000 | 11.0000 | 59.0000 | 192.314 | 13.86774 | 3.58064 |
|
ALT (mid) |
15 | 23.4000 | 9.0000 | 39.0000 | 51.829 | 7.19921 | 1.85883 |
|
ALT (Post) |
15 | 20.2000 | 7.0000 | 39.0000 | 87.029 | 9.32891 | 2.40871 |
Inferential Statistics
Independent t-tests were used to test for between group differences at baseline (none were found, although trends were noted for TAG and VLDL).
|
|
Mean X |
Mean Y |
t-value |
df |
p |
|
Wt (pre) |
83.4600 | 85.5200 | -0.34372 | 28 | 0.733628 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
127.8000 | 134.2000 | -1.24171 | 28 | 0.224646 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
81.2000 | 82.2667 | -0.32000 | 28 | 0.751344 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
218.4000 | 234.0667 | -1.40727 | 28 | 0.170351 |
|
TAG (pre) |
127.0667 | 169.4667 | -1.82789 | 28 | 0.078240 |
|
HDL (pre) |
53.0667 | 54.4000 | -0.30548 | 28 | 0.762257 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
25.3333 | 33.9333 | -1.83586 | 28 | 0.077020 |
|
LDL (pre) |
131.2000 | 145.7333 | -1.30076 | 28 | 0.203945 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
92.7333 | 92.6667 | 0.02127 | 28 | 0.983178 |
|
BUN (pre) |
14.1333 | 13.4000 | 0.41576 | 28 | 0.680754 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
0.9733 | 1.0000 | -0.19545 | 28 | 0.846455 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
14.5333 | 14.6667 | -0.07549 | 28 | 0.940359 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
0.4467 | 0.4533 | -0.10102 | 28 | 0.920258 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
69.0667 | 71.6000 | -0.49946 | 28 | 0.621355 |
|
AST (Pre) |
26.8667 | 23.4000 | 1.02903 | 28 | 0.312272 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
24.4667 | 25.2000 | -0.17100 | 28 | 0.865453 |
A series of 3-way ANOVAs (group x gender x time) were run to determine if any gender effects were present in the data. No 3-way interactions were found, thus the remaining analyses are 2-way (group x time) ANOVAs. When a significant interaction was found, Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests were used as a discriminatory follow-up.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (body weight).
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 985.11, df = 34.938 |
||||||||
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x | Total Chol (pre) | 0.585254 | 0.004898 | 0.684451 | 0.781854 | 0.242638 | |
|
2 |
x | Total Chol (mid) | 0.585254 | 0.012359 | 0.259711 | 0.949934 | 0.263032 | |
|
3 |
x | Total Chol (post) | 0.004898 | 0.012359 | 0.963256 | 0.451453 | 0.442212 | |
|
4 |
y | Total Chol (pre) | 0.684451 | 0.259711 | 0.963256 | 0.000909 | 0.000129 | |
|
5 |
y | Total Chol (mid) | 0.781854 | 0.949934 | 0.451453 | 0.000909 | 0.001440 | |
|
6 |
y | Total Chol (post) | 0.242638 | 0.263032 | 0.442212 | 0.000129 | 0.001440 | |
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their total cholesterol from pre to mid, and pre to post testing. Also, subjects in group X (placebo) had a significant increase in their total cholesterol from pre to post testing.
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 3986.3, df = 51.208 |
||||||||
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x | TAG (pre) | 0.672083 | 0.175120 | 0.595415 | 0.402674 | 0.866007 | |
|
2 |
x | TAG (mid) | 0.672083 | 0.179199 | 0.227752 | 0.703590 | 0.818092 | |
|
3 |
x | TAG (post) | 0.175120 | 0.179199 | 0.621562 | 0.695881 | 0.767181 | |
|
4 |
y | TAG (pre) | 0.595415 | 0.227752 | 0.621562 | 0.415446 | 0.009372 | |
|
5 |
y | TAG (mid) | 0.402674 | 0.703590 | 0.695881 | 0.415446 | 0.059599 | |
|
6 |
y | TAG (post) | 0.866007 | 0.818092 | 0.767181 | 0.009372 | 0.059599 | |
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their triglycerides (TAG) from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable(HDL).
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 193.50, df = 53.921
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x | VLDL (pre) | 0.703933 | 0.749213 | 0.643785 | 0.407951 | 0.906513 | |
|
2 |
x | VLDL (mid) | 0.703933 | 0.686108 | 0.301523 | 0.721157 | 0.923440 | |
|
3 |
x | VLDL (post) | 0.749213 | 0.686108 | 0.237640 | 0.423832 | 0.792733 | |
|
4 |
y | VLDL (pre) | 0.643785 | 0.301523 | 0.237640 | 0.924334 | 0.065164 | |
|
5 |
y | VLDL (mid) | 0.407951 | 0.721157 | 0.423832 | 0.924334 | 0.091156 | |
|
6 |
y | VLDL (post) | 0.906513 | 0.923440 | 0.792733 | 0.065164 | 0.091156 |
Interpretation:
Although the p-value for the ANOVA was significant (p<0.03 – see top of graph), post-hoc testing only revealed a trend (p<0.065) for a decrease in VLDL in group Y (LipidShield) from pre to post testing.
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 1026.5, df = 34.995 |
||||||||
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x | LDL (pre) | 0.921812 | 0.095879 | 0.871792 | 0.667730 | 0.664940 | |
|
2 |
x | LDL (mid) | 0.921812 | 0.048596 | 0.459782 | 0.955086 | 0.801767 | |
|
3 |
x | LDL (post) | 0.095879 | 0.048596 | 0.700863 | 0.576661 | 0.828712 | |
|
4 |
y | LDL (pre) | 0.871792 | 0.459782 | 0.700863 | 0.001167 | 0.000169 | |
|
5 |
y | LDL (mid) | 0.667730 | 0.955086 | 0.576661 | 0.001167 | 0.288464 | |
|
6 |
y | LDL (post) | 0.664940 | 0.801767 | 0.828712 | 0.000169 | 0.288464 | |
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (LipidShield) had significant decreases in their LDL from pre to mid, and pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (glucose).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (B/C ratio).
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (LipidShield Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = .03622, df = 46.646 |
||||||||
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x | Bilirubin (pre) | 0.874882 | 0.045106 | 0.997832 | 1.000000 | 0.881303 | |
|
2 |
x | Bilirubin (mid) | 0.874882 | 0.037181 | 1.000000 | 0.997832 | 0.938974 | |
|
3 |
x | Bilirubin (post) | 0.045106 | 0.037181 | 0.131683 | 0.485943 | 0.725483 | |
|
4 |
y | Bilirubin (pre) | 0.997832 | 1.000000 | 0.131683 | 0.998637 | 0.876036 | |
|
5 |
y | Bilirubin (mid) | 1.000000 | 0.997832 | 0.485943 | 0.998637 | 0.432129 | |
|
6 |
y | Bilirubin (post) | 0.881303 | 0.938974 | 0.725483 | 0.876036 | 0.432129 | |
Interpretation:
Subjects in group X (placebo) had significant increases in bilirubin from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (Alkaline Phos).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (AST).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (ALT).